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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWidely used in-process key-value storeSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleApache Software Foundation
Initial release1984201319942014
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 202218.1.40, May 20203.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Scala
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenono
Triggersyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL APIno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorSource-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnono

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaOracle Berkeley DBSpark SQL
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