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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Newts

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Newts

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNewts  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platformTime Series DBMS based on Cassandra
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#41  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-exploreropennms.github.io/­newts
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorergithub.com/­OpenNMS/­newts/­wiki
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftOpenNMS Group
Initial release1984201320192014
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP REST
Java API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infobased on Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.selectable replication factor infobased on Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNewts
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