DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. LevelDB vs. searchxml vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. LevelDB vs. searchxml vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

DBMS for structured and unstructured content wrapped with an application server

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Native XML DBMS
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Native XML DBMS
	#25	Search engines

Score	1.44
Rank	#158	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

impala.apache.org

github.com/google/leveldb

www.searchxml.net/category/products

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

www.searchxml.net/support/handouts

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Google

informationpartners gmbh

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

1984

2013

2011

2015

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

1.23, February 2021

1.0

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java, C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API
WebDAV
XQuery
XSLT

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C++

most other programming languages supported via APIs

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

on the application server

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

none

yes

sychronisation to multiple collections

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

multiple readers, single writer

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Domain, group and role-based access control at the document level and for application services

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources

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