DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ObjectBox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ObjectBox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Extremely fast embedded database for small devices, IoT and Mobile

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Object oriented DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.20
Rank	#170	Overall
	#5	Object oriented DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

impala.apache.org

hsqldb.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

objectbox.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.objectbox.io

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Microsoft

ObjectBox Limited

Initial release

1984

2013

2001

1989

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

2.7.2, June 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache License 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Linux
Windows

Android
iOS
Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C++
Dart
Go
Java
JavaScript

planned (as of Jan 2019)
Kotlin
Python

planned (as of Jan 2019)
Swift

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java, SQL

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

online/offline synchronization between client and server

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

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