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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Hive vs. OrientDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Hive vs. OrientDB vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for Hadoopdata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orghive.apache.orgorientdb.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homewww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmldocs.stardog.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPStardog-Union
Initial release19842013201220102010
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20223.1.3, April 20223.2.29, March 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaJavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query language, no joinsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJava, Javascriptuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
TriggersyesnonoHooksyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorselectable replication factorMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infoquery execution via MapReduceno infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes inforelationship in graphsyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and rolesAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaHiveOrientDBStardog
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