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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orghbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoft
Initial release1984201320082019
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20222.3.4, January 2021cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-free, schema definition possibleFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoCoprocessors in JavaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)no
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaHBaseMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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