DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Graph Engine vs. MySQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Graph Engine vs. MySQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

Widely used open source RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.61
Rank	#240	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#35	Key-value stores

Score	1083.74
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

dev.mysql.com/doc

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Microsoft

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Initial release

1984

2013

2010

1995

Current release

v20, April 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

8.4.0, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

.NET and C

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

.NET

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

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