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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Spark SQL vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Spark SQL vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchspark.apache.org/­sqlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaElasticApache Software FoundationAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release19842013201020142012
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20228.6, January 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaScalaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageSQL-like DML and DDL statementsno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesnoyes
Triggersyesnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Coreyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factoryesnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceES-Hadoop Connectoryes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnononoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoMemcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaElasticsearchSpark SQLTitan
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