DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. PouchDB vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. PouchDB vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	2.34
Rank	#112	Overall
	#21	Document stores

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

dgraph.io/docs

pouchdb.com/guides

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

1984

2013

2016

2012

2000

Current release

v20, April 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

7.1.1, June 2019

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

JavaScript

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

HTTP REST

only for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

yes

Sharding

with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

Synchronous replication via Raft

Multi-source replication

also with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication

also with CouchDB databases

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Planned for future releases

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