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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgcouchdb.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerMicrosoft
Initial release1984201320052016
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20223.3.3, December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++ErlangC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia viewsyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceView functions in JavaScriptTransact SQL
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Sharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnono infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseyes

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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