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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. GraphDB vs. Hypertable

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. GraphDB vs. Hypertable

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as Hadoop
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Wide column store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgcouchdb.apache.orgwww.ontotext.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablegraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentation
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerOntotextHypertable Inc.
Initial release19842013200520002009
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20223.3.3, December 202310.4, October 20230.9.8.11, March 2016
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++ErlangJavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia viewsyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scans
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsnostored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
C++ API
Thrift
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceView functions in JavaScriptwell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityno
Triggersyesnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0noneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replicationselectable replication factor on file system level
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infoConstraint checkingno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnono infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.no
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"GraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMHypertable
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"GraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMHypertable
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