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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. Lovefield

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. Lovefield

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCloudflare Workers KV  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA global, low-latency, key-value store for applications on Cloudflare with exceptionally high read volumes and low-latency.Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.39
Rank#274  Overall
#39  Key-value stores
Score0.33
Rank#286  Overall
#131  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgwww.cloudflare.com/­developer-platform/­workers-kvgoogle.github.io/­lovefield
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldevelopers.cloudflare.com/­kv/­apigithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.md
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCloudflareGoogle
Initial release1984201320182014
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20222.1.12, February 2017
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaScript
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linuxhostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder pattern
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP REST
Proprietary protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C++
Dart
JavaScript
Kotlin
Python
Rust
Scala
JavaScript
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenono
TriggersyesnonoUsing read-only observers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factoryesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infousing MemoryDB
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosno

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaCloudflare Workers KVLovefield
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