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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. CouchDB vs. Hypertable

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. CouchDB vs. Hypertable

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as Hadoop
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeWide column store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comcouchdb.apache.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stable
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerHypertable Inc.
Initial release19842013201020052009
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20183.3.3, December 20230.9.8.11, March 2016
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CErlangC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxLinuxAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnono
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infovia viewsrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scans
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIC++ API
Thrift
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.View functions in JavaScriptno
Triggersyesnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
selectable replication factor on file system level
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno infoatomic operations within a single document possibleno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaCitusCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Hypertable
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