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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. TimescaleDB vs. TinkerGraph vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. TimescaleDB vs. TinkerGraph vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 APIVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Time Series DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comdruid.apache.orgwww.timescale.comtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlinvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.timescale.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsTimescaleOpenLink Software
Initial release19842012201720091998
Current releasev20, April 202329.0.1, April 20242.15.0, May 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCJavaC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL for queryingyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntaxnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
TinkerPop 3ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Groovy
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shellnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributesnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infononeChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesnoyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptionalyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DruidTimescaleDBTinkerGraphVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DruidTimescaleDBTinkerGraphVirtuoso
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