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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. OpenSearch vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. OpenSearch vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonOpenSearch  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache LuceneWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Search engineRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score16.36
Rank#37  Overall
#4  Search engines
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdruid.apache.orggithub.com/­opensearch-project
opensearch.org
www.postgresql.orgterminusdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designopensearch.org/­docs/­latestwww.postgresql.org/­docsterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsAmazon Web ServicesPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerDataChemist Ltd.
Initial release1984201220211989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2018
Current releasev20, April 202329.0.1, April 20242.5.0, January 202316.3, May 202411.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPL V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
  • STACKIT OpenSearch offers OpenSearch in a managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant, for a wide range of applications like analytics, website search, offering scalability and fast data access.
  • Aiven for OpenSearch: Fully managed open source search and analytics suite. Out-of-the-box integrations get you up and running in a couple of clicks.
  • PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
  • Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaJavaCProlog, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL for queryingSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (WOQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby infoElasticsearch client
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
Triggersyesnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashGraph Partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsJournaling Streams
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journaling
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DruidOpenSearchPostgreSQLTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist
Specific characteristicsOpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
» more
Competitive advantagesDistributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
» more
Typical application scenariosThe OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsThe OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
» more

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Related products and services
3rd partiesAiven for OpenSearch: Fully managed open source search and analytics suite. Out-of-the-box integrations get you up and running in a couple of clicks.
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Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
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Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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Timescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today!
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance.
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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DruidOpenSearchPostgreSQLTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist
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