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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Dolt vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Dolt vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonDolt  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA MySQL compatible DBMS with Git-like versioning of data and schemaA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#191  Overall
#89  Relational DBMS
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Websitewww.4d.comdruid.apache.orggithub.com/­dolthub/­dolt
www.dolthub.com
www.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-db
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.dolthub.comwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manuallearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-db
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsDoltHub IncMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release19842012201820102014
Current releasev20, April 202329.0.1, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaGo.NET and C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Linux
macOS
Windows
.NEThosted
Data schemeyesyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infoJSON types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by default
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL for queryingyesnoSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
CLI Client
HTTP REST
RESTful HTTP APIDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infocurrently in alpha releaseyesJavaScript
TriggersyesnoyesnoJavaScript
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infomanual/auto, time-basednonehorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesA database can be cloned to multiple locations and be used there in isolation. Data/schema changes can be pushed/pulled explicitly between locations.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemOnly one user is configurable, and must be specified in the config file at startupAccess rights can be defined down to the item level

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DruidDoltGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB
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