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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Coveo vs. Prometheus vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Coveo vs. Prometheus vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCoveo  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataAI-powered hosted search, recommendation and personalization platform providing tools for both low-code and full-code developmentOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring systemA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Search engineTime Series DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score2.28
Rank#114  Overall
#11  Search engines
Score8.42
Rank#47  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdruid.apache.orgwww.coveo.comprometheus.iowww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.coveo.comprometheus.io/­docsdocs.timescale.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsCoveoTimescale
Initial release19842012201220152017
Current releasev20, April 202329.0.1, April 20242.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache license v2commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaGoC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
hostedLinux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoschema-less columns are supportedhybrid - fields need to be configured prior to indexing, but relationships can be exploited at query time without pre-configurationyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesNumeric data onlynumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono infoImport of XML data possibleyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL for queryingnonoyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP APIRESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnononouser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedyesShardingyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyesyes infoby FederationSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoyesnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemgranular access controls, API key management, content filtersnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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