DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. CockroachDB vs. RocksDB vs. Teradata Aster

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. CockroachDB vs. RocksDB vs. Teradata Aster

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Platform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and types

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	3.65
Rank	#85	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

druid.apache.org

www.cockroachlabs.com

rocksdb.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Cockroach Labs

Facebook, Inc.

Teradata

Initial release

1984

2012

2015

2013

2005

Current release

v20, April 2023

29.0.1, April 2024

23.1.1, May 2023

8.11.4, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

dynamic schema

schema-free

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

defined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Store

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

in Aster File Store

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL for querying

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC

C++ API
Java API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

R packages

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes

Dimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

SQL Map-Reduce Framework

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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