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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. RisingWave

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. RisingWave

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonRisingWave  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.64
Rank#238  Overall
#110  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdruid.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.risingwave.com/­database
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.citusdata.comdocs.risingwave.com/­docs/­current/­intro
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsRisingWave Labs
Initial release1984201220102022
Current releasev20, April 202329.0.1, April 20248.1, December 20181.2, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCRust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
LinuxDocker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesStandard SQL-types and JSON
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL for queryingyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.UDFs in Python or Java
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers and Roles

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DruidCitusRisingWave
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