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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. Graph Engine

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. Graph Engine

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.85
Rank#96  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
#6  Time Series DBMS
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.56
Rank#241  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comdruid.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.graphengine.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.citusdata.comwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manual
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsMicrosoft
Initial release1984201220102010
Current releasev20, April 202330.0.0, June 20248.1, December 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC.NET and C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Linux.NET
Data schemeyesyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL for queryingyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardinghorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DruidCitusGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity
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