DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. BigObject vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. BigObject vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Analytic DBMS for real-time computations and queries

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

a hierachical model (tree) can be imposed

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#90	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.19
Rank	#329	Overall
	#146	Relational DBMS

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

druid.apache.org

bigobject.io

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.bigobject.io

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

BigObject, Inc.

Microsoft

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2012

2015

2014

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

29.0.1, April 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache license v2

commercial

free community edition available

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux

distributed as a docker-image
OS X

distributed as a docker-image (boot2docker)
Windows

distributed as a docker-image (boot2docker)

hosted

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL for querying

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

fluentd
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Lua

JavaScript

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

automatically between fact table and dimension tables

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Read/write lock on objects (tables, trees)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

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