DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. BaseX vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RocksDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. BaseX vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RocksDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Light-weight Native XML DBMS with support for XQuery 3.0 and interactive GUI.

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Native XML DBMS

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.73
Rank	#142	Overall
	#4	Native XML DBMS

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	3.65
Rank	#85	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

druid.apache.org

basex.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

rocksdb.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.basex.org

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

BaseX GmbH

Microsoft

Facebook, Inc.

Initial release

1984

2012

2007

2019

2013

Current release

v20, April 2023

29.0.1, April 2024

10.7, August 2023

cloud service with continuous releases

8.11.4, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

BSD license

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XQuery supports types

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL for querying

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTXQ
WebDAV
XML:DB
XQJ

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

Actionscript
C
C#
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Rebol
Ruby
Scala
Visual Basic

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Triggers

yes

via events

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

multiple readers, single writer

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Users with fine-grained authorization concept on 4 levels

Azure Active Directory Authentication

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