DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. ArcadeDB vs. Fauna vs. Google Cloud Spanner

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. ArcadeDB vs. Fauna vs. Google Cloud Spanner

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Fast and scalable multi-model DBMS, originally forked from OrientDB but most of the code has been rewritten

Fauna provides a web-native interface, with support for GraphQL and custom business logic that integrates seamlessly with the rest of the serverless ecosystem. The underlying globally distributed storage and compute platform is fast, consistent, and reliable, with a modern security infrastructure.

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Time Series DBMS

in next version

Document store
Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#90	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.10
Rank	#358	Overall
	#48	Document stores
	#38	Graph DBMS
	#52	Key-value stores
	#35	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.55
Rank	#151	Overall
	#26	Document stores
	#14	Graph DBMS
	#71	Relational DBMS
	#13	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.84
Rank	#100	Overall
	#51	Relational DBMS

Website

cloud.google.com/spanner

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.arcadedb.com

docs.fauna.com

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Arcade Data

Fauna, Inc.

Google

Initial release

1984

2012

2021

2014

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

29.0.1, April 2024

September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Scala

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL for querying

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
MongoDB API
OpenCypher
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Redis API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
TinkerPop Gremlin

RESTful HTTP API

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

Java

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Scala
Swift

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

horizontal partitioning

consistent hashing

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Identity management, authentication, and access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
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