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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Drill vs. GreptimeDB vs. Hypertable vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Drill vs. GreptimeDB vs. Hypertable vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonGreptimeDB  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageAn open source Time Series DBMS built for increased scalability, high performance and efficiencyAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMSWide column storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.95
Rank#127  Overall
#23  Document stores
#60  Relational DBMS
Score0.06
Rank#352  Overall
#33  Time Series DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comdrill.apache.orggreptime.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdrill.apache.org/­docsdocs.greptime.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationGreptime Inc.Hypertable Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release19842012202220091998
Current releasev20, April 20231.20.3, January 20230.9.8.11, March 20167.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageRustC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Android
Docker
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free, schema definition possibleschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC
HTTP API
JDBC
C++ API
Thrift
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C++C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsPythonnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor on file system levelChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noDepending on the underlying data sourceyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsDepending on the underlying data sourceSimple rights management via user accountsnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DrillGreptimeDBHypertableVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsGreptimeDB is a SQL & Python-enabled timeseries database system built from scratch...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantages- Inherits advantages of Rust, such as excellent performance, memory safe, resource...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosFor IoT industries, GreptimeDB can seamless integrate with message queues and other...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersGreptime's clients span multiple sectors including IoT, connected vehicles, and energy...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsGreptimeDB has garnered global recognition by topping GitHub trends following its...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGreptimeDB: open source, distributed, cloud-native TSDB; supports Hybrid Time-series...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DrillGreptimeDBHypertableVirtuoso
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