DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Drill vs. Datomic vs. Tarantool

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Drill vs. Datomic vs. Tarantool

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

In-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

with Tarantool/GIS extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.95
Rank	#127	Overall
	#23	Document stores
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	1.72
Rank	#144	Overall
	#25	Document stores
	#25	Key-value stores
	#66	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

drill.apache.org/docs

docs.datomic.com

www.tarantool.io/en/doc

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Cognitect

Initial release

1984

2012

2008

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.20.3, January 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

2.10.0, May 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

BSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

BSD
Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

Full-featured ANSI SQL support

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API

Open binary protocol

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++

Clojure
Java

C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

Transaction Functions

Lua, C and SQL stored procedures

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

yes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Asynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Casual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition

when using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition

when using Raft

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, cooperative multitasking

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes, write ahead logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Depending on the underlying data source

Access Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Data processing speed and reliability: in-memory synchronous replication
9 November 2021, Vladimir Perepelytsya, Tarantool (sponsor)

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