DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Drill vs. Apache Druid vs. HarperDB vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Drill vs. Apache Druid vs. HarperDB vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#124	Overall
	#22	Document stores
	#59	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#90	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.60
Rank	#244	Overall
	#38	Document stores

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

drill.apache.org/docs

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.harperdb.io/docs

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

HarperDB

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

1984

2012

2017

2000

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.20.3, January 2023

29.0.1, April 2024

3.1, August 2021

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache license v2

commercial

free community edition available

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Node.js

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux
OS X

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-less columns are supported

dynamic schema

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON data types

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

SQL for querying

SQL-like data manipulation statements

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Custom Functions

since release 3.1

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

A table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

yes

the nodes on which a table resides can be defined

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic execution of specific operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

yes, using LMDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Depending on the underlying data source

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Access rights for users and roles

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