DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Doris vs. Apache Kylin vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Doris vs. Apache Kylin vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An MPP-based analytics DBMS embracing the MySQL protocol

A distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stack

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.60
Rank	#247	Overall
	#113	Relational DBMS

Score	1.25
Rank	#170	Overall
	#77	Relational DBMS

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

doris.apache.org
github.com/apache/doris

kylin.apache.org

www.postgresql.org

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/apache/doris/wiki

kylin.apache.org/docs

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation, originally contributed from Baidu

Apache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay Inc

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2017

2015

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.2.2, February 2023

3.1.0, July 2020

16.3, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
MySQL client

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

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