DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Aurora vs. EXASOL vs. KeyDB vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Aurora vs. EXASOL vs. KeyDB vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

MySQL and PostgreSQL compatible cloud service by Amazon

High-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.

An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocols

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.91
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	1.99
Rank	#124	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	0.71
Rank	#226	Overall
	#33	Key-value stores

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora

www.exasol.com

github.com/Snapchat/KeyDB
keydb.dev

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/CHAP_Aurora.html

www.exasol.com/resources

docs.keydb.dev

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon

Exasol

EQ Alpha Technology Ltd.

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

1984

2015

2000

2019

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD-3

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

partial

Supported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

by using the Redis Search module

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket

Proprietary protocol

RESP - REdis Serialization Protoco

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Java
Lua
Python
R

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Lua

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Optimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scripts

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Configurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logs

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

simple password-based access control and ACL

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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