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DBMS > 4D vs. Altibase vs. Apache Impala vs. Coveo vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Altibase vs. Apache Impala vs. Coveo vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAltibase  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCoveo  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn enterprise grade, high-performance RDBMSAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAI-powered hosted search, recommendation and personalization platform providing tools for both low-code and full-code developmentWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#189  Overall
#88  Relational DBMS
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.11
Rank#118  Overall
#11  Search engines
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comaltibase.comimpala.apache.orgwww.coveo.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­ALTIBASE/­Documents/­tree/­master/­Manualsimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.coveo.comwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncAltibaseApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCoveoPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19841999201320121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 2023v7.3, 2023, August 20234.1.0, June 202216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoOpen source edition discontinued with March 2023Open Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
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Implementation languageC++C++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
LinuxhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyeshybrid - fields need to be configured prior to indexing, but relationships can be exploited at query time without pre-configurationyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92ANSI SQL-92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C++
Java
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesstored procedures and stored functionsyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingyespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesselectable replication factoryesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoyesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosgranular access controls, API key management, content filtersfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAltibaseApache ImpalaCoveoPostgreSQL
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