DBMS > 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. InfluxDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RethinkDB
System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. InfluxDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RethinkDB
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| Name | 4D  former name: 4th Dimension Xexclude from comparison | AllegroGraph Xexclude from comparison | InfluxDB Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | RethinkDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Application development environment with integrated database management system | High performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMS | DBMS for storing time series, events and metrics | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Document store with version 6.5 Graph DBMS RDF store Vector DBMS | Time Series DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Document store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS | Spatial DBMS with GEO package | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Spatial DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.4d.com | allegrograph.com | www.influxdata.com/products/influxdb-overview | www.postgresql.org | rethinkdb.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | developer.4d.com | franz.com/agraph/support/documentation/current/agraph-introduction.html | docs.influxdata.com/influxdb | www.postgresql.org/docs | rethinkdb.com/docs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | 4D, Inc | Franz Inc. | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | The Linux Foundation since July 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 1984 | 2004 | 2013 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | v20, April 2023 | 8.0, December 2023 | 2.7.6, April 2024 | 16.3, May 2024 | 2.4.1, August 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | commercial Limited community edition free | Open Source MIT-License; commercial enterprise version available | Open Source BSD | Open Source Apache Version 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | Go | C | C++ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | OS X Windows | Linux OS X Windows | Linux OS X through Homebrew | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux OS X Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | yes RDF schemas | schema-free | yes | schema-free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | Numeric data and Strings | yes | yes string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes | no bulk load of XML files possible | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes close to SQL 92 | SPARQL is used as query language | SQL-like query language | yes standard with numerous extensions | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | ODBC RESTful HTTP API by using 4D MobileSOAP webservices | RESTful HTTP API SPARQL | HTTP API JSON over UDP | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | 4D proprietary IDE PHP | C# Clojure Java Lisp Perl Python Ruby Scala | .Net Clojure Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) Lisp Perl PHP Python R Ruby Rust Scala | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C community-supported driver C# community-supported driverC++ community-supported driverClojure community-supported driverDart community-supported driverErlang community-supported driverGo community-supported driverHaskell community-supported driverJava official driverJavaScript (Node.js) official driverLisp community-supported driverLua community-supported driverObjective-C community-supported driverPerl community-supported driverPHP community-supported driverPython official driverRuby official driverScala community-supported driver | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes | yes JavaScript or Common Lisp | no | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes | yes | no | yes | Client-side triggers through changefeeds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | none | with Federation | Sharding in enterprise version only | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding range based | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | selectable replication factor in enterprise version only | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Source-replica replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | no | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | no | ACID | Atomic single-document operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes MVCC based | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | no | yes Depending on used storage engine | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Users and groups | Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication | simple rights management via user accounts | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | yes users and table-level permissions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4D former name: 4th Dimension | AllegroGraph | InfluxDB | PostgreSQL | RethinkDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Knowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph... » more | InfluxData is the creator of InfluxDB , the open source time series database. It... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | AllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and... » more | Time to Value InfluxDB is available in all the popular languages and frameworks,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | IoT & Sensor Monitoring Developers are witnessing the instrumentation of every available... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | InfluxData has more than 1,900 paying customers, including customers include MuleSoft,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | Fastest-growing database to drive 27,500 GitHub stars Over 750,000 daily active instances » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | Open source core with closed source clustering available either on-premise or on... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| News | How a Neuro-Symbolic AI Approach Can Improve Trust in AI Apps Can Neuro-Symbolic AI Solve AI’s Weaknesses? 100 Companies That Matter in KM – Franz Inc. Exploring AllegroGraph v8 – Unleashing the Power of Neuro-Symbolic AI (Recorded Webinar) What is Neuro-Symbolic AI? | Deadman Alerts with Grafana and InfluxDB Cloud 3.0 Chasing the Skies: Monitoring Flights with InfluxDB Monitoring Your Cloud Environments and Applications with InfluxDB Webinar Recap: Unleash the Full Potential of Your Time Series Data with InfluxDB and AWS Using Parquet’s Bloom Filters | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4D former name: 4th Dimension | AllegroGraph | InfluxDB | PostgreSQL | RethinkDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking | Why Build a Time Series Data Platform? Time Series DBMS are the database category with the fastest increase in popularity Time Series DBMS as a new trend? | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | Meet some database management systems you are likely to hear more about in the future Build your own chatbot and talk to your own documents - DataScienceCentral.com Q&A: Can Neuro-Symbolic AI Solve AI’s Weaknesses? AI predictions for 2024 unveil exciting technological horizons Jans Aasman Articles and Insights Neuro-Symbolic AI: The Peak of Artificial Intelligence provided by Google News Run and manage open source InfluxDB databases with Amazon Timestream | Amazon Web Services Amazon Timestream: Managed InfluxDB for Time Series Data InfluxData Collaborating with AWS to Bring InfluxDB and Time Series Analytics to Developers Around the World How the FDAP Stack Gives InfluxDB 3.0 Real-Time Speed, Efficiency AWS and InfluxData partner to offer managed time series database Timestream for InfluxDB provided by Google News Raise the bar on AI-powered app development with Azure Database for PostgreSQL How to implement a better like, views, comment counters in PostgreSQL? Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database First Principles: Optimizing PostgreSQL for the cloud Continuously replicate Amazon DynamoDB changes to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL using AWS Lambda | Amazon ... provided by Google News An introduction to building realtime apps with RethinkDB How to Use RethinkDB with Node.js Applications — SitePoint Stripe acquires team behind NoSQL database startup RethinkDB MongoDB: The Popular Database for IoT RethinkDB is dead, and MongoDB isn't what killed it provided by Google News | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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