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DBMS > 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. TimesTen vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. TimesTen vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.In-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleFast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.13
Rank#179  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#7  Vector DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score4.99
Rank#65  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comallegrograph.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmltrino.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1trino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
Developer4D, IncFranz Inc.GoogleOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Trino Software Foundation
Initial release19842004201519982012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL
Current releasev20, April 20238.0, December 202311 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.
Implementation languageJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
Data schemeyesyes infoRDF schemasschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infobulk load of XML files possiblenonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesdepending on connected data-source
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SPARQL is used as query languagenoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoJavaScript or Common LispnoPL/SQLyes, depending on connected data-source
Triggersyesyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonewith FederationShardingnonedepending on connected data-source
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
depending on connected data-source
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationdepending on connected data-source
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDdepending on connected data-source
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsdepending on connected data-source
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardSQL standard access control
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAllegroGraphGoogle Cloud BigtableTimesTenTrino
Specific characteristicsKnowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more
Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more
Competitive advantagesAllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more
High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more
Typical application scenariosPerformant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more
Key customersTrino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more
Market metrics33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTrino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more
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