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DBMS > 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MarkLogic vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MarkLogic vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#187  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#7  Vector DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comallegrograph.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.marklogic.comtypedb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.marklogic.comtypedb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncFranz Inc.GoogleMarkLogic Corp.Vaticle
Initial release19842004201520012016
Current releasev20, April 20238.0, December 202311.0, December 20222.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoRDF schemasschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infobulk load of XML files possiblenoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SPARQL is used as query languagenoyes infoSQL92no
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoJavaScript or Common Lispnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptno
Triggersyesyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonewith FederationShardingShardingSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes, with Range Indexesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAllegroGraphGoogle Cloud BigtableMarkLogicTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsKnowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesAllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more
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