DBMS > 4D vs. Alibaba Cloud PolarDB vs. CockroachDB vs. PouchDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Alibaba Cloud PolarDB vs. CockroachDB vs. PouchDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A cloud-native relational database compatible with MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle. Designed for business critical applications.

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.59
Rank	#241	Overall
	#110	Relational DBMS

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	2.28
Rank	#115	Overall
	#21	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

www.alibabacloud.com/product/polardb

www.cockroachlabs.com

pouchdb.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/polardb/product-overview

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

pouchdb.com/guides

Developer

4D, Inc

Alibaba

Cockroach Labs

Apache Software Foundation

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2015

2012

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

23.1.1, May 2023

7.1.1, June 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC

HTTP REST

only for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java
Python

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication

also with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication

also with CouchDB databases

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Licensing and pricing models

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