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DBMS > 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. DuckDB vs. H2 vs. LevelDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. DuckDB vs. H2 vs. LevelDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAlaSQL  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemJavaScript DBMS libraryAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.46
Rank#260  Overall
#40  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comalasql.orgduckdb.orgwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldb
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­AlaSQL/­alasqlduckdb.org/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.md
Developer4D, IncAndrey Gershun & Mathias R. WulffThomas MuellerGoogle
Initial release19842014201820052011
Current releasev20, April 20230.10, February 20242.2.220, July 20231.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT-LicenseOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaScriptC++JavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)server-lessAll OS with a Java VMIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.yesyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JavaScript APIArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaScriptC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
JavaC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsno
Triggersyesyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnonenoneWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes infoonly for local storage and DOM-storageACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoby using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorageyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAlaSQLDuckDBH2LevelDB
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