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DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. QuestDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.17
Rank#94  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlwww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsquestdb.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsquestdb.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncSoftware AGMicrosoftMicrosoftQuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release19841971201020162014
Current releasev20, April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation language.NET and CC++Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
.NEThostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL GatewaynoyesSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
NaturalC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C#
Java
PHP
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin NaturalyesTransact SQLno
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas Vistahorizontal partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with add-on product Event ReplicatoryesSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)yes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseQuestDB
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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