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DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Widely used in-process key-value storeA concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet
Primary database modelRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Key-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.79
Rank#102  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score0.07
Rank#372  Overall
#57  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comwww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmldbmx.net/­tkrzw
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
Developer4D, IncSoftware AGGoogleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleMikio Hirabayashi
Initial release19841971201719942020
Current releasev20, April 202318.1.40, May 20200.9.3, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
hostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnono
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL Gatewayyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
NaturalGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
C++
Java
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin Naturalnonono
Triggersyesnonoyes infoonly for the SQL APIno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas VistaShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with add-on product Event ReplicatorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes infousing specific database classes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nono

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"Google Cloud SpannerOracle Berkeley DBTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet
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