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DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. Dgraph vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. Dgraph vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSGraph DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.79
Rank#102  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#104  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmldgraph.iowww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docscloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
Developer4D, IncSoftware AGDgraph Labs, Inc.IBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014Microsoft
Initial release19841971201620102016
Current releasev20, April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoErlangC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedhosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL Gatewaynonoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
NaturalC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin NaturalnoView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptTransact SQL
Triggersyesnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas VistayesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with add-on product Event ReplicatorSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno infoatomic operations within a document possibleACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoOptimistic lockingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)no infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseyes

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"DgraphIBM CloudantMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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