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DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. Dgraph vs. Graph Engine vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. Dgraph vs. Graph Engine vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.79
Rank#102  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comwww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmldgraph.iowww.graphengine.iogithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manual
Developer4D, IncSoftware AGDgraph Labs, Inc.Microsoft8Kdata
Initial release19841971201620102016
Current releasev20, April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGo.NET and CJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
Linux
OS X
Windows
.NETAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL Gatewaynono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
NaturalC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin Naturalnoyes
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas Vistayeshorizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with add-on product Event ReplicatorSynchronous replication via RaftSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)no infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"DgraphGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityToroDB
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