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DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. CouchDB vs. DuckDB vs. Realm

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. CouchDB vs. DuckDB vs. Realm

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.79
Rank#102  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Score8.30
Rank#47  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score7.41
Rank#52  Overall
#8  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comwww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlcouchdb.apache.orgduckdb.orgrealm.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stableduckdb.org/­docsrealm.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncSoftware AGApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019
Initial release19841971200520182014
Current releasev20, April 20233.3.3, December 20230.10, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
server-lessAndroid
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia viewsyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL Gatewaynoyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
NaturalC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin NaturalView functions in JavaScriptnono inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes infoChange Listeners
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas VistaSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0nonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with add-on product Event ReplicatorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
nonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDno infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes infoIn-Memory realm
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)Access rights for users can be defined per databasenoyes

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"DuckDBRealm
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