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DBMS > Snowflake vs. TinkerGraph vs. ToroDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Snowflake vs. TinkerGraph vs. ToroDB vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameSnowflake  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured dataA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 APIA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score130.36
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#345  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitewww.snowflake.comtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlingithub.com/­torodb/­servergithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.htmlwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperSnowflake Computing Inc.8KdataJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2014200920162019
Current release1.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaClojure
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java 7 VMAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)schema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsCLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
TinkerPop 3HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesJavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Groovy
Java
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnono
Triggersno infosimilar concept for controling cloud resourcesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneSource-replica replicationyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesnoyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptionalyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
SnowflakeTinkerGraphToroDBXTDB infoformerly named Crux
DB-Engines blog posts

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021
3 January 2022, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

Lessons from the Snowflake Breaches
12 June 2024, The Hacker News

Mandiant Report: Snowflake Users Targeted for Data Theft and Extortion
12 June 2024, TechRepublic

Truist Bank says breach of customer data is unrelated to Snowflake
14 June 2024, SC Media

Pure Storage pwned, claims data plundered by crims who broke into Snowflake workspace
11 June 2024, The Register

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6 June 2024, WIRED

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Unit testing Apache TinkerPop transactions: From TinkerGraph to Amazon Neptune | Amazon Web Services
3 June 2024, AWS Blog

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12 October 2020, Towards Data Science

Why developers like Apache TinkerPop, an open source framework for graph computing | Amazon Web Services
27 September 2021, AWS Blog

InfiniteGraph Gets Support for Common Graph Database Language and More
21 February 2012, SiliconANGLE News

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