DBMS > Snowflake vs. TinkerGraph vs. ToroDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Snowflake vs. TinkerGraph vs. ToroDB vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	130.36
Rank	#8	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#345	Overall
	#35	Graph DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.snowflake.com

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

github.com/torodb/server

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Snowflake Computing Inc.

8Kdata

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2014

2009

2016

2019

Current release

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java 7 VM

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

TinkerPop 3

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Groovy
Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Triggers

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

Access rights for users and roles

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