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DBMS > RDF4J vs. Realm vs. Trino vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison RDF4J vs. Realm vs. Trino vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataFast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQLVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRDF storeDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score5.00
Rank#66  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiterdf4j.orgrealm.iotrino.iovirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationrdf4j.org/­documentationrealm.io/­docstrino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
DeveloperSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019Trino Software FoundationOpenLink Software
Initial release200420142012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL1998
Current release7.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoRDF Schemasyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesdepending on connected data-sourceyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJava
PHP
Python
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessaryyes, depending on connected data-sourceyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyes infoChange Listenersnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonedepending on connected data-sourceyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenonedepending on connected data-sourceChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistencydepending on connected data-sourceImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACIDdepending on connected data-sourceACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesdepending on connected data-sourceyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoIn-Memory realmyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyesSQL standard access controlFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
RDF4J infoformerly known as SesameRealmTrinoVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsTrino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosPerformant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersTrino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metrics33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTrino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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