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DBMS > Pinecone vs. RDF4J vs. SurrealDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Pinecone vs. RDF4J vs. SurrealDB vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamePinecone  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA managed, cloud-native vector databaseRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelVector DBMSRDF storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.02
Rank#87  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score0.72
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score1.11
Rank#174  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
Score3.99
Rank#75  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#40  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.pinecone.iordf4j.orgsurrealdb.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overviewrdf4j.org/­documentationsurrealdb.com/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperPinecone Systems, IncSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.SurrealDB LtdOpenLink Software
Initial release2019200420221998
Current releasev1.5.0, May 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open SourceOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaRustC
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoRDF Schemasschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateString, Number, Booleanyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes
Secondary indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoSQL-like query languageyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesPythonJava
PHP
Python
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
PineconeRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSurrealDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
PineconeRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSurrealDBVirtuoso
DB-Engines blog posts

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