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DBMS > Milvus vs. PouchDB vs. Prometheus vs. RDF4J vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Milvus vs. PouchDB vs. Prometheus vs. RDF4J vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonPouchDB  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesJavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDBOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring systemRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelVector DBMSDocument storeTime Series DBMSRDF storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.78
Rank#103  Overall
#4  Vector DBMS
Score2.34
Rank#112  Overall
#21  Document stores
Score7.69
Rank#50  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitemilvus.iopouchdb.comprometheus.iordf4j.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdpouchdb.com/­guidesprometheus.io/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentationdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software FoundationSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.OpenLink Software
Initial release20192012201520041998
Current release2.4.4, May 20247.1.1, June 20197.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageC++, GoJavaScriptGoJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)Linux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infoRDF Schemasyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateVector, Numeric and StringnoNumeric data onlyyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport of XML data possibleyes
Secondary indexesnoyes infovia viewsnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonononoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIHTTP REST infoonly for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoView functions in JavaScriptnoyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infowith a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-loungeShardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication infoalso with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication infoalso with CouchDB databases
yes infoby FederationnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Eventual ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoby using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backendyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole based access control and fine grained access rightsnononoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
MilvusPouchDBPrometheusRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
MilvusPouchDBPrometheusRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameVirtuoso
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