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DBMS > Milvus vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Stardog vs. SurrealDB vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison Milvus vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Stardog vs. SurrealDB vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesWidely used in-process key-value storeEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelVector DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.31
Rank#113  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.86
Rank#203  Overall
#34  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Score1.73
Rank#143  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Websitemilvus.iowww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.stardog.comsurrealdb.comgithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mddocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.stardog.comsurrealdb.com/­docsweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
DeveloperOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleStardog-UnionSurrealDB LtdWeaviate B.V.
Initial release20191994201020222019
Current release2.3.4, January 202418.1.40, May 20207.3.0, May 2020v1.5.0, May 20241.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infocommercial license availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen SourceOpen Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageC++, GoC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)JavaRustGo
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-freeyes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateVector, Numeric and Stringnoyesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL ServerSQL-like query languageGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIGraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javano
Triggersnoyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Clusteryes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate Consistency in HA-ClusterEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole based access control and fine grained access rightsnoAccess rights for users and rolesyes, based on authentication and database rulesAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
MilvusOracle Berkeley DBStardogSurrealDBWeaviate
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
All companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

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More resources
MilvusOracle Berkeley DBStardogSurrealDBWeaviate
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