this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.29
Rank	#302	Overall
	#21	Search engines

Score	3.80
Rank	#81	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	3.45
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Score	130.36
Rank	#8	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Website

manticoresearch.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.progress.com/openedge

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

manual.manticoresearch.com

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

documentation.progress.com/output/ua/OpenEdge_latest

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Manticore Software

Microsoft

Progress Software Corporation

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

2017

2019

1984

2014

Current release

6.0, February 2023

cloud service with continuous releases

OpenEdge 12.2, March 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

GPL version 2

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

Fixed schema

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

Int, Bigint, Float, Timestamp, Bit, Int array, Bigint array, JSON, Boolean

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Can index from XML

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

full-text index on all search fields

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

Binary API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP/SQL API
SQL over MySQL

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

Progress proprietary ABL (Advanced Business Language)

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Partitioning is done manually, search queries against distributed index is supported

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning

since Version 11.4

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication based on Galera library

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

isolated transactions for atomic changes and binary logging for safe writes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

The original contents of fields are not stored in the Manticore index.

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Users and groups

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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