DBMS > LMDB vs. Realm vs. Stardog vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison LMDB vs. Realm vs. Stardog vs. Tkrzw

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.09
Rank	#121	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores

Score	7.41
Rank	#52	Overall
	#8	Document stores

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.07
Rank	#372	Overall
	#57	Key-value stores

Website

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

realm.io

www.stardog.com

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

www.lmdb.tech/doc

realm.io/docs

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Symas

Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019

Stardog-Union

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

2011

2014

2010

2020

Current release

0.9.32, January 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

.Net
Java

with Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

runs within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

Change Listeners

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

In-Memory realm

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

yes

Access rights for users and roles

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