DBMS > Kuzu vs. RavenDB vs. Teradata Aster vs. Virtuoso vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Kuzu vs. RavenDB vs. Teradata Aster vs. Virtuoso vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

An embeddable property Graph DBMS built for query speed and scalability

Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database

Platform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and types

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.00
Rank	#402	Overall
	#41	Graph DBMS

Score	2.84
Rank	#101	Overall
	#18	Document stores

Score	4.27
Rank	#73	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#39	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Score	1.47
Rank	#157	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Website

kuzudb.com

ravendb.net

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.kuzudb.com

ravendb.net/docs

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

Hibernating Rhinos

Teradata

OpenLink Software

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

2022

2010

2005

1998

2010

Current release

0.4.2, May 2024

5.4, July 2022

7.2.11, September 2023

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT license

Open Source

AGPL version 3, commercial license available

commercial

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java, C++

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows

Linux

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

defined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Store

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

in Aster File Store

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (RQL)

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

CLI Client
Cypher Query Language

.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Python
Rust

.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

R packages

yes

Virtuoso PL

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

yes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication

yes

Dimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

SQL Map-Reduce Framework

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID, Cluster-wide transaction available

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Authorization levels configured per client per database

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more

Competitive advantages

Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more

Key customers

Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more

Market metrics

Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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