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DBMS > Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB vs. VelocityDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionWell established RDBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument storeGraph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.05
Rank#358  Overall
#36  Graph DBMS
#16  Object oriented DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­torodb/­servervelocitydb.com
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorervelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperActian CorporationMicrosoft8KdataVelocityDB Inc
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201920162011
Current release11.2, May 2022cloud service with continuous releases7.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaC#
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VMAny that supports .NET
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesnono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.Net
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and rolesBased on Windows Authentication

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More resources
IngresMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerToroDBVelocityDB
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