DBMS > Ingres vs. Lovefield vs. Spark SQL vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Lovefield vs. Spark SQL vs. Trafodion

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Well established RDBMS

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

google.github.io/lovefield

spark.apache.org/sql

trafodion.apache.org

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

Actian Corporation

Google

Apache Software Foundation

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2014

Current release

11.2, May 2022

2.1.12, February 2017

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Scala

C++, Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

JavaScript

Java
Python
R
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

none

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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