DBMS > Ingres vs. Kingbase vs. RDF4J vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Kingbase vs. RDF4J vs. Trafodion

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Well established RDBMS

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

RDF store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.45
Rank	#262	Overall
	#123	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.kingbase.com.cn

rdf4j.org

trafodion.apache.org

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

rdf4j.org/documentation

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

Actian Corporation

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1999

2004

2014

Current release

11.2, May 2022

V8.0, August 2021

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and Java

Java

C++, Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Standard with numerous extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

Java
PHP
Python

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes

none

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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